Biochips and Microarrays - Technologies,markets and companies
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Summary
This report is an analysis of biochip/microarray markets based on technologies and applications. The report starts with a description of technologies as a basis for estimation of markets. Technologies include array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), copy number variation (CNV), DNA methylation, ChIP-Chip, RNA splice variants, and microRNA. Separate chapters are devoted to protein biochips/microarrays, microfluidics and nanobiotechnology-based nano-arrays.
Various applications of biochips and microarrays are described throughout the report. Areas of application such as point-of-care, genetic screening, cancer, and diagnosis of infections are included. Separate chapters are devoted to applications in drug discovery and development as well as personalized medicine
The report provides current share of each segment: market size in 2010 and projected value for the years 2015 and 2020. Gene expression has the largest share and is an established market. Share of microarray technologies in other areas will grow with the maximum growth in RNA splice variants followed by epigenetics. The growth in protein microarrays is somewhat less, partly because it is more mature than the other submarkets and has already shown considerable growth in the past. Impact of next generation sequencing on segments of microarray markets is identified. Customer requirements and unmet needs are described. Markets are also analyzed according to geographical areas.
Brief profiles of companies involved in biochip/microarray technologies are provided. Currently selected 74 companies are included along with listing of 93 collaborations between companies. The text is supplemented by 17 tables, 8 figures and 100 references to literature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
0. Executive Summary 9
1. Introduction 11
Definitions of biochips/microarray 11
Terms used for biochips 11
Historical aspects of biochip/microarray technology 12
Relation of microarrays to other technologies 13
Applications of biochips/microarrays 13
2. Biochip and Microarray Technologies 15
Introduction 15
Nucleic acid amplification and microarrays 15
PCR on a chip 15
Fast PCR biochip 15
Multiplex microarray-enhanced PCR for DNA analysis 16
Universal DNA microarray combining PCR and ligase detection reaction 16
NASBA combined with microarray 17
Rolling circle amplification on microarrays 17
LiquiChip-RCAT 17
Multiplexed Molecular Profiling 17
Genomewide association scans 18
Whole genome microarrays 18
GeneChip Human Genome Arrays 19
Arrayit's® H25K 20
Transposon insertion site profiling chip 20
Standardizing the microarrays 20
Optical Mapping 21
Microarrays based on ENA detection by physico-chemical methods 21
Electrochemical detection of DNA 21
Photoelectrochemical synthesis of DNA microarrays 22
Microchip capillary electrophoresis 23
Strand displacement amplification on a biochip 23
Biosensor technologies for biochips 23
DNA-based biosensors 24
Phototransistor biochip biosensor 24
Microarrays for cytogenetics 25
Comparative genomic hybridization 25
Array-based CGH 25
NimbleGen CGH arrays 26
Single-cell array CGH 27
Regulatory requirements for array CGH 27
Agilent CGH+SNP microarray platform 27
SignatureChip® 27
Tissue microarrays 28
Pathology tissue-ChIP 28
Carbohydrate microarrays 29
RNA profiling 29
RNA splice variants 29
miRNAs 30
Microarrays for miRNAs 30
Microarrays vs quantitative PCR for measuring miRNAs 31
Exon microarrays 32
Microarrays & DNA sequencing 32
Microarray-based emerging DNA sequencing technologies 32
Exome sequencing for study of human variation 33
High-throughput array-based resequencing 33
Sequencing by hybridization 33
SOLiD-System based ChIP-Sequencing 34
Next generation sequencing vs microarrays for expression profiling 35
Microarray-based gene synthesis 35
3. Microfluidics-based Biochips and Microarrays 37
Introduction 37
Fish-on-chip 37
Lab-on-a-chip 38
LabCD 38
Micronics' microfluidic technology 38
Rheonix CARD technology 39
Microfluidic chips/arrays using PCR 39
Digital PCR Array 39
Digital PCR on a SlipChip 39
Microfluidic automated DNA analysis using PCR 40
Microfluidic single-cell RT-qPCR on a chip 40
Microfluidic chips integrated with RCAT 40
Microfluidic chips integrated with PET 41
Companies developing microfluidic technologies 41
4. Protein Biochips 43
Introduction 43
Protein biochip technologies 43
Protein microarrays 43
Antibody microarrays 44
Aptamer-based protein biochip 44
High-density protein microarrays 45
HPLC-Chip for protein identification 45
LabChip for protein analysis 45
Multiplexed Protein Profiling on Microarrays 46
ProteinChip 46
Protein chips for antigen-antibody interactions molecular diagnostics 48
Proteomic pattern analysis 48
Single molecule array 48
TRINECTIN proteome chip 49
New developments in protein chips/microarrays 49
Microfluidic devices for proteomics-based diagnostics 49
Viral protein chip 49
Use of microarray technologies in human protein atlas initiative 50
Applications of protein biochip/microarrays 51
Biosensor protein chip 51
Proteome Identification Kit 52
Protein nanobiochip for diagnosis 52
Protein biochips/microarrays for personalized medicine 52
Companies involved protein biochips/microarrays 53
5. Nanobiotechnology-based Biochips & Microarrays 57
Introduction 57
Nanotechnology-based biochips 57
Fullerene photodetectors for chemiluminescence detection on microfluidic chip 57
Nanotechnology on a chip 57
Nanogen's NanoChip 58
Use of nanotechnology in microfluidics 58
Construction of nanofluidic channels 59
NanoAnalyzer® chip 59
Nanoscale flow visualization 60
Moving (levitation) of nanofluidic drops with physical forces 60
Electrochemical nanofluid injection 61
Nanofluidics on nanopatterned surfaces 61
Nano-interface in a microfluidic chip 61
Nanofluidic channels for study of DNA 62
Nanofluidic/nanoarray devices to detect a single molecule of DNA 62
Nanoarrays 63
Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanoarrays 63
NanoPro™ System 64
Nanosensors 65
Cantilever arrays 65
Nanotechnology-based protein biochips/microarrays 66
AFM for immobilization of biomolecules in high-density nanoarrays 66
Nanoparticle protein chip 67
Protein biochips based on fluorescence planar wave guide technology 67
Self-assembling protein nanoarrays 67
6. Biochips & Microarrays for Epigenetics 69
Introduction 69
Epigenomic technologies 69
Epigenomics Digital Phenotype 69
Global methylation analysis 70
Illumina's assays for analysis of methylation sites 70
GenomicTree's MDScan? technology 70
Orion's MethylScope® technology 70
ChIP-chip 70
Microarray for immunogenetic testing 71
Applications for study of DNA methylation 71
7. Applications of Microarrays in Drug Discovery & Development 73
Introduction 73
Drug discovery 73
Finding lead compounds 73
High-throughput cDNA microarrays 73
Use of gene expression data to find new drug targets 74
Investigation of the mechanism of drug action 74
Cellular microarrays 74
Peptide microarrays for high-throughput screening 75
Biochips for toxicology studies 75
Gene expression studies for toxicology using microarrays 75
MetaChip/Datachip 75
Testing drugs in organ-on-a-chip microdevices 76
ADME-on-a-chip 76
Liver-on-a-chip 76
Lung-on-a-chip 77
SmartChip for cancer drug discovery 77
Drug development 77
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